puthu mandabam series 3 chandran

#Chandran, is beautifully depicted in the Puthu Mandapam of the Madurai Meenakshi Amman Temple, in the artistic style of the Madurai Nayakas period. This sculpture shows Chandran in a standing samabhanga posture, facing towards west , representing calmness, balance, and cosmic harmony. 

The deity is placed on a raised pedestal, He is shown with four arms, a typical feature in South Indian temple iconography. The upper hands hold water lilies, which symbolize coolness, reflection, and the nourishing nature of the moon. His lower right hand is in abhaya mudra, offering protection and peace, while the lower left hand is in Varada Hastam is a gesture of boon-giving, compassion, and generosity. It symbolizes the bestowal of blessings, such as wealth, wisdom, or spiritual progress. 

Behind his head is a large circular halo, representing the moon's soft glow and his divine presence. He wears a jata-makuta, a crown made of matted hair, along with ornaments like necklaces, armlets, and a decorated waistbelt. These details emphasize both his ascetic and royal qualities.The sculpture also includes his consorts, Rohini and krithika on either side of him. This is a common feature in depictions of Chandran on temple pillars and highlights his nurturing and emotional nature. While his chariot is not shown in full detail, symbols like the crescent moon or a lotus base are often used to suggest his gentle, floating movement across the night sky.Like Surya, Chandran’s sculpture is placed on mandapa pillars to act as an auspicious presence and a cosmic witness.

 The smooth carving, gentle expression, and refined ornamentation reflect the high level of craftsmanship of the Nayaka period. Chandran stands as a reminder of calmness, rhythm, and emotional clarity, offering balance to the power of Surya in the sacred temple space.

-- Ramu Rm N

puthu mandabam series 2 suryan

#Surya as depicted in South Indian temple icoography, specifically in the architectural style of the Nayakas period. It is located in the Puthu Mandapam of the Madurai Meenakshi Amman Temple. The restoration of this mandabam is going on for the past two years The deity is shown in a standing samabhanga posture and facing towards west on the four wheeled chariot without horses so it looks like a raised pedestal, radiating regal divinity and composure. He has four arms, which is a common feature in South Indian representations of Surya. The upper hands hold the fully bloomed lotuses, symbolizing illumination, purity, and the blossoming of life under the sun’s light. The lower right hand is in abhaya mudra, offering protection and reassurance, while the lower left holds Kati Hasta in a symbolic pose where the deity’s hand rests on the waist, often slightly bent at the elbow. It conveys a sense of confidence, authority, grace, and composure.

 

A large circular halo behind his head reinforces his solar identity, indicating his radiant nature. He wears a kirita-mukutam and is adorned with elaborate jewelry such as necklaces, armlets, and a decorated waist ornament, emphasizing his divine and royal status. This sculpture includes his consorts Usha and Pratyusha in the sides which is typical in individual depictions of Surya found on temple pillars or mandapas, especially outside Navagraha shrines. Hope this is the largest surya sculpture found in southern tamilnadu.

Sculptures like this are commonly placed on mandapa pillars in South Indian temples, where Surya functions as an auspicious guardian and cosmic witness. The graceful posture, finely detailed ornaments, and serene expression reflect the high level of artistic excellence of the madurai nayakas period. This image of Surya stands as a reminder of dharma, cosmic order, and the sustaining power of the sun, celebrated in sacred art and space.

-- Ramu Rm.N